Huahana Huahana:

ʻO Duct tape kahi ʻano o ka lipine adhesive kiʻekiʻe me ka ikaika peel ikaika, ka ikaika tensile, ka pale ʻana i ka momona, ka pale ʻana i ka wā kahiko a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion.

Noi:

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pahu pahu, ke kuʻi ʻana i ke kapena, ke kau ʻana i nā hana kaumaha a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka lipine lipine, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka lipine ʻaʻahu, he lipine paʻakikī i ka lole a i ʻole scrim-backed pressure-sensitive tape, i uhi pinepine ʻia me ka polyethylene.Aia nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hoʻohana ana i nā kua a me nā mea hoʻopili like ʻole, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo 'duct tape' e kuhikuhi i nā ʻano lipine lole like ʻole o nā kumu like ʻole.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka lipine lipine me ka lipine gaffer (kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia e noʻonoʻo ʻole a wehe ʻia, ʻaʻole like me ka lipine duct).ʻO kekahi ʻano hoʻololi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka duct tape pale wela (ʻaʻole ka lole) pono no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻauwaʻa mehana a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana, i hana ʻia ma muli o ka pau ʻole o ka lipine maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai ma nā awāwa hoʻomehana.ʻO ka lipine paʻi maʻamau he hina hina, akā loaʻa pū i nā kala ʻē aʻe a me nā hoʻolālā paʻi.

I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Revolite (ʻo ia ka mahele o Johnson & Johnson) i kahi lipine hoʻopili i hana ʻia mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi kākoʻo lole paʻa paʻa.Ua kūʻē kēia lipine i ka wai a ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lipine hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kekahi mau pahu pahu i kēlā manawa.

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo "Duck tape" ma ka Oxford English Dictionary i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka makahiki 1899;

Moolelo

ʻO ka mea mua i kapa ʻia ʻo "duck tape" ʻo ia nā ʻāpana lōʻihi o ka lole pulupulu maʻemaʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kāmaʻa, no ka hoʻonani ʻana i nā lole, a no ka wahī ʻana i nā kaula kila a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokele uila e pale aku iā lākou mai ka ʻino a i ʻole ke komo ʻana.No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1902, ua uhi mua ʻia nā kaula kila e kākoʻo ana i ke alahaka ʻo Manhattan i ka ʻaila linseed, a laila ua wahī ʻia i ka lipine pāpaʻi ma mua o ka waiho ʻia ʻana.I ka makahiki 1910, ua hoʻohana kekahi mau kāmaʻa a me nā kāmaʻa i ka lole kāwele no ka luna a i ʻole ka insole, a ua humuhumu ʻia ka tape i kekahi manawa no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana.I ka makahiki 1936, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ka US Insulated Power Cables Engineers Association i kahi wīwī ʻana i ka lipine duck ma ke ʻano he nui o nā ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i nā kaula uila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.I ka makahiki 1942, ua hāʻawi aku ka hale kūʻai o Gimbel i nā makapō Venetian i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā ʻāpana kū pololei o ka lipine duck.ʻO kēia mau mea a pau i hoʻohana ʻia ma luna nei no ka pulupulu maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka lipine olonā i hele mai me ka ʻole o kahi ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lipine paʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole e nā makahiki 1910, me nā ʻōwili lole me ka uhi hoʻopili ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lipine paʻa keʻokeʻo i hana ʻia me ka lole i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i loko o ka lāʻau a me ka zinc oxide i loko o nā halemai e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā ʻeha, akā hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā lipine ʻē aʻe e like me ka lipine friction a i ʻole ka lipine uila i kahi pilikia.I ka makahiki 1930, ua wehewehe ka magazine Popular Mechanics i ka hana ʻana i ka lipine adhesive ma ka home me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lipine lole maʻemaʻe i hoʻomoʻu ʻia i loko o kahi hui wai wela o ka rosin a me ka lāʻau mai loko mai.

I ka makahiki 1923, ua hana ʻo Richard Gurley Drew no 3M i hana ʻia i ka lipine masking, kahi lipine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pepa me kahi pipili liʻiliʻi.I ka makahiki 1925, ua lilo kēia i mea hoʻopaneʻe masking brand Scotch.I ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Drew i kahi lipine akaka ma muli o ka cellophane, i kapa ʻia ʻo Scotch Tape.Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia lipine e hoʻomaka ana i ka Great Depression e hoʻoponopono i nā mea hale.Ua kākau ka mea kākau ʻo Scott Berkun ʻo ka duct tape he "hōʻoia" kahi hoʻololi o kēia kūleʻa mua e 3M.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea hana a Drew ma ka lipine lole.

ʻO ka manaʻo no ka mea i lilo i duct tape mai Vesta Stoudt, he mea hana ordnance-factory a me ka makuahine o nā luina Navy ʻelua, nāna i hopohopo e lilo nā pilikia me nā sila pahu pahu pahu i nā manawa koʻikoʻi o ke kaua.Ua kākau ʻo ia iā Pelekikena Franklin D. Roosevelt i ka makahiki 1943 me ka manaʻo e hoʻopaʻa i nā pahu me kahi lipine lole, āna i hoʻāʻo ai ma kāna hale hana.Ua hoʻouna ʻia ka leka i ka War Production Board, nāna i hoʻonoho iā Johnson & Johnson ma ka hana.Ua hana ka mahele Revolite o Johnson & Johnson i nā lipine lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka lole ʻeleʻele mai ka makahiki 1927 a ua hoʻomohala kekahi hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Revolite's Johnny Denoye a me Johnson & Johnson's Bill Gross i ka lipine pipili hou, i hana ʻia e haehae ʻia e ka lima, ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia me ka ʻoki.

Ua hana ʻia kā lākou huahana hou i kapa ʻole ʻia me ka ʻiʻo pulupulu lahilahi i uhi ʻia i ka polyethylene wai (plastic) me kahi ʻāpana o ka lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia hina hina (kapa ʻia ʻo "Polycoat") i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.Ua maʻalahi ka hoʻohana a wehe ʻana, a ua hoʻololi koke ʻia e hoʻoponopono koke i nā lako kaua, me nā kaʻa a me nā mea kaua.Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia lipine e nā koa.Ma hope o ke kaua, ua kūʻai ʻia ka huahana tape ma nā hale kūʻai lako no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hale.Ua loaʻa i ka hui ʻo Melvin A. Anderson o Cleveland, Ohio, nā kuleana o ka lipine i ka makahiki 1950. Ua hoʻohana mau ʻia ia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻauwaha ea.Ma hope o kēia noi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa "duct tape" i nā makahiki 1950, me nā huahana lipine i kala hina hina e like me ka ductwork tin.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā lipine kūʻokoʻa wela a me ke anu no ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka ea.Ma ka makahiki 1960, ua kapa inoa ʻo St. Louis, Missouri, HVAC hui ʻo Albert Arno, Inc., i ka inoa "Ductape" no kā lākou "flame-resistant" duct tape, hiki ke paʻa i ka 350.–400°F (177–204°C).

I ka makahiki 1971, kūʻai ʻo Jack Kahl i ka hui Anderson a kapa hou iā ia ʻo Manco.Ma muli o ka pau ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau "Duck tape" i hoʻohana ʻia, [hōʻoia ʻole] ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka brand "Duck Tape" a kūʻai aku i kāna huahana i piha me kahi hōʻailona ʻeleʻele melemele.Ua koho ʻo Manco i ka inoa "Duck" ma ke ʻano he "pāʻani no ka ʻike pinepine ʻana o ka poʻe i ka duct tape ʻo 'duck tape'", a ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa kūʻai aku e kū kūʻē i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka duct tape.I ka makahiki 1979, ua pili ka hoʻolālā kūʻai ʻana o Duck Tape i ka hoʻouna ʻana aku i nā kāleka aloha me ka branding duck, ʻehā manawa o ka makahiki, i 32,000 mau mana mana.ʻO kēia pūʻulu kamaʻilio i hui pū ʻia me ka waihoʻoluʻu a maʻalahi hoʻi i kōkua i ka Duck Tape e lilo i mea kaulana.Mai kahi kokoke-zero kumu kūʻai mai Manco hope hoʻomalu 40% o ka duct tape market ma US.] Loaʻa iā Henkel ma 1998, ma 2009, Duck Tape i kuai ia Shurtape Technologies, nona ka ohana Shuford o North Carolina.ʻAʻole ʻo Duck ʻo Shurtape wale nō ka brand duct tape;ʻO kā lākou mōhai kiʻekiʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "T-Rex Tape."ʻO "Ultimate Duck", ka mea i lilo i luna o Henkel o ka laina like ʻole, ke kūʻai ʻia nei ma United Kingdom. Ultimate Duck, T-Rex Tape, a me ka Gorilla Tape e hoʻokūkū nei i nā "ʻenehana ʻekolu-layer".

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ka Scotch Tape i nā makahiki 1930, ua hana ʻo 3M i nā mea kaua i ka wā WWII, a ma ka makahiki 1946 ua hoʻomohala i ka lipine uila vinyl pono mua.Ma ka makahiki 1977, ke kūʻai aku nei ka hui i ka lipine hoʻoheheʻe wela no nā pahu hoʻomehana.I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990, ua loaʻa i ka māhele lipine 3M ka huina makahiki he $300 miliona, ke alakaʻi o ka ʻoihana US.I ka makahiki 2004, ua hoʻokumu ʻo 3M i kahi lipine duct transparent.

Hana ʻia

Hana ʻia ka lipine duct hou me kekahi o nā lole ulana like ʻole e hāʻawi i ka ikaika.He pulupulu, polyester, nylon, rayon a i ʻole fiberglass nā milo a i ʻole ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka lole.He gauze lahilahi loa ka lole i kapa ʻia ʻo "scrim" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kua o ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDPE).Hāʻawi ʻia ke kala o ka LDPE e nā puaʻa like ʻole;ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu hina maʻamau mai ka alumini pauka i hui pū ʻia me ka LDPE.ʻElua mau laulā lipine i hana pinepine ʻia: 1.9 in (48 mm) a me 2 in (51 mm).Hāʻawi ʻia nā laula ʻē aʻe.Ua hana ʻia nā ʻōwili lipine pāʻoihana nui loa i ka makahiki 2005 no Henkel, me 3.78 iniha (9.6 knm) laula, he 64 iniha ke anawaena (160 knm) a me ke kaumaha 650 paona (290 kg).

Hoʻohana maʻamau

Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka lipine duct i nā kūlana e koi ai i kahi lipine ikaika, maʻalahi, a paʻa loa.Loaʻa i kekahi mau mea hoʻopili lōʻihi a kūʻē i ka wā.

ʻO kahi mana kūikawā, ka lipine gaffer, ʻaʻole e waiho i kahi koena paʻa i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai, makemake ʻia e nā gaffers i ka hale keaka, kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā ʻoihana kīwī.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Duct tape ma ke ʻano he "racer's tape", "race tape" a i ʻole "100 mile a hour tape" i nā kaʻa kaʻa no nā makahiki he 40 e hoʻoponopono ai i ka fiberglass bodywork (ma waena o nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe).Hiki mai ka lipine a Racer i nā kala like ʻole e kōkua i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā kala pena maʻamau.Ma UK, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "tank tape" i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motorsports.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ductwork

ʻAʻole pono e huikau ka huahana i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa me nā lipine kūikawā i hoʻolālā maoli ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ducts mehana a me ka ea (HVAC), ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia kēia mau lipine he "duct tapes."No ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻikepili keʻena e pili ana i nā sealants a me nā lipine hope loa, a e hāʻule paha, ua mālama ʻia ka noiʻi ma Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division.ʻO kā lākou manaʻo nui, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana kekahi i ka duct tape e hoʻopaʻa i nā ducts (ua wehewehe lākou i ka duct tape e like me ka lipine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lole me ka lāʻau lapaʻau).Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, lilo nā lipine duct i mea palupalu a hiki ke hāʻule koke, i kekahi manawa lilo a hāʻule paha.

ʻAʻole loaʻa nā palapala hōʻoia palekana e like me UL a i ʻole Proposition 65, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ka lipine ke puhi ikaika, e hoʻopuka ana i ka uahi ʻawaʻawa;hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea ʻawaʻawa;hiki ke loaʻa ka ikaika mechanical irregular;a he haʻahaʻa paha ka manaʻolana o kona ola.Ua pāpā ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻauwaʻa e ka mokuʻāina o Kaleponi a me nā code kūkulu hale ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mokulele

Wahi a ka ʻenekini NASA ʻo Jerry Woodfill, he 52 makahiki NASA veteran, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka duct tape ma luna o kēlā me kēia misionari mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka papahana Gemini.

Ua hoʻohana nā ʻenekinia NASA a me nā astronauts i ka duct tape i ka wā o kā lākou hana, e komo pū ana i kekahi mau pilikia pilikia.ʻO kekahi o ia hoʻohana ʻana i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1970 i ka wā e hana ana ʻo Woodfill i ka Mission Control, i ka manawa i hoʻololi ʻia ai nā kānana carbon dioxide square mai Apollo 13's failed command module e hoʻopili i nā pahu pōʻai i loko o ka module lunar, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he waʻa ola ma hope o ka pahū ʻana. ala i ka mahina.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lipine duct a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma luna o Apollo 13, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻāina i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi i ka poʻe holo lele.Ua hoʻomaka hou ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe CO2 o ka lunar module, e hoʻopakele i nā ola o nā ʻelele ʻekolu ma luna o ka moku.

ʻO Ed Smylie, ka mea nāna i hoʻolālā i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka scrubber i nā lā ʻelua wale nō, ʻōlelo ʻo ia ma hope ua ʻike ʻo ia ua hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia ka pilikia i ka wā i hōʻoia ʻia ai aia ka duct tape ma luna o ka mokulele: "Ua manaʻo wau me he mea lā ua kaʻawale mākou i ka home," wahi āna i ka makahiki 2005. Hoʻokahi mea ʻaʻole e ʻōlelo ʻia e ke keiki Hema, 'ʻAʻole wau e manaʻo e hoʻoponopono ka duct tape.'"

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Duct tape, i kapa ʻia ʻo "... good old-fashioned American gray tape ..." i hoʻohana ʻia e ka Apollo 17 astronauts ma ka mahina no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi fender pohō ma lunar rover, e pale ana i ka pōʻino mai ka ehu. o ka lepo o ka mahina i ko lakou holo ana.

Hoʻohana koa

I loko o nā ʻauwaʻa submarine US, ua kapa ʻia kahi lipine lole paʻa ʻo "EB Green," no ka mea he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lipine i hoʻohana ʻia e Electric Boat.Kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "duck tape", "riggers' tape", "hurricane tape", a i ʻole "100-mph tape"—he inoa i loaʻa mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi ʻano lipine duct i manaʻo ʻia e kū a hiki i 100 mph (160 km/h; 87 kn) makani.Ua kapa ʻia ka lipine no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka wā o ke Kaua Vietnam e hoʻoponopono a hoʻopaʻa i nā lau helicopter rotor.

Hoʻohana ʻokoʻa

No ka laha nui o ka tape a me ka nui o na mea hoohana, ua lilo ia i wahi ikaika i ka mo'omeheu kaulana, a ua hooulu i ka nui o na noi hana no'ono'o.

ʻO ka Duct tape occlusion therapy (DTOT) kahi hana i manaʻo ʻia e mālama i nā warts ma ka uhi ʻana iā lākou me ka duct tape no kahi manawa lōʻihi.ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā hōʻike no ka maikaʻi;no laila, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e like me ka mālama maʻamau.Eia naʻe, hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka duct tape ma mua o nā koho lapaʻau e kū nei.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka duct tape i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kāmaʻa ma muli o kona kūpaʻa.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Duct tape no ka hoʻoponopono pōkole ʻana i ka pilikia kelepona ʻo Apple iPhone 4, ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa i kā Apple pahu pahu ponoʻī.

Ma ka moʻomeheu kaulana

Ua kākau ʻo Duct Tape Guys (Jim Berg lāua ʻo Tim Nyberg) i ʻehiku mau puke e pili ana i ka duct tape, mai ka makahiki 2005. Ua kūʻai aku kā lākou mau puke kūʻai maikaʻi loa ma luna o 1.5 miliona mau kope a ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻohana maoli a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka duct tape.I ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻokumu lākou i ka huaʻōlelo "ʻaʻole ia i haki, ʻaʻohe duct tape wale nō".Hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā huaʻōlelo i ka makahiki 1995 me ka paʻi ʻana o kā lākou puke e pili ana i ka lubricant WD-40 puke, "ʻElua mau lula e loaʻa iā ʻoe ma ke ola: Inā paʻa a ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia, WD-40 ia. Inā ʻaʻole paʻa a manaʻo ʻia. ʻo ia, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia.Hōʻike kā lākou pūnaewele i nā tausani o ka duct tape i hoʻohana ʻia mai nā poʻe a puni ka honua mai nā ʻano hana a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono kaʻa.ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o WD-40 a me ka lipine duct i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "the redneck repair kit".

Ua hoʻohana pinepine ka Canadian sitcom The Red Green Show i ka duct tape (i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "the handyman's secret weapon") ma ke ʻano he ala pōkole no ka hoʻopaʻa pono ʻana a no ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana.Hōʻike ka moʻo i kekahi manawa i ka hana ʻana i ka duct tape peʻa.He kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ko ka moʻo i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke poʻo inoa ʻo Duct Tape Forever a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau hui VHS/DVD o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lipine.Mai ka makahiki 2000, ʻo ka hōkū hōkū ʻo Steve Smith (ʻo ia ʻo "Red Green") ka "Ambassador of Scotch Duct Tape" no 3M.

Ua hōʻike ka Discovery Channel series MythBusters i ka duct tape i kekahi mau moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hoʻohana kuʻuna ʻole.ʻO nā moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ke kaʻa no kekahi manawa, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūkuniahi hana, ka waʻa ʻelua kanaka, ka waʻa ʻelua kanaka (me nā hoe duct tape), kahi lāʻau ʻelua kanaka, nā kāmaʻa Roma, kahi chess set, leak. ʻO ka pahu wai hōʻoia, ke kaula, ka hammock e hiki ke kākoʻo i ke kaumaha o ke kāne makua, e paʻa ana i ke kaʻa, kahi alahaka i ka laula o kahi pahu maloʻo, a me kahi trebuchet hana piha piha me ka duct tape ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hoʻopaʻa.Ma ka ʻāpana "Duct Tape Plane", ua hoʻoponopono ka MythBusters (a hoʻololi hope) i ka ʻili o ka mokulele māmā me ka lipine duct a lele iā ia i kekahi mau mika ma luna o ke ala.

ʻO ka hōʻike lekiō ʻo Garrison Keillor ʻo A Prairie Home Companion e pili ana i nā pāʻoihana hoʻokalakupua koʻikoʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e ka "American Duct Tape Council".